膳食模式与骨质疏松

骨质疏松症是老年人，尤其是绝经后妇女最为常见的退行性骨代谢疾病，是导致老年人病理性骨折的重要原因。由于骨质疏松的发生毫无预警容易被忽视，因此成为人类健康的“隐形杀手”。钙、磷、维生素D等营养元素对维护骨骼健康有着重要的意义,但现在大多数营养流行病学研究都只关注单个营养元素对骨骼健康的影响，无法充分解释营养素之间相互作用的复杂关系，而从膳食模式角度来阐明典型的饮食模式和骨骼健康之间存在的关联更具有科学性,本文将从对骨骼健康有益的地中海饮食和具有争议的素食饮食展开讨论和探究。     

Microsatellite primer development for the king ratsnakes Elaphe carinata (Colubridae)

The king ratsnakes (Elaphe carinata) is widespread in south-eastern China, North Vietnam, and Japan (Ryukyu Islands). The snake is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals. To develop effective conservation strategies for the snake, we need a better understanding of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of this species by using kinds of molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci. Here, we characterize 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from E. carinata genomic libraries. One hundred and thirty-one individuals were collected from three geographically distant populations: Ji’an (Jiangxi, N26°59′30″, E114°58′58″), Quanzhou (Guangxi, N25°44′20″, E111°6′48″), Zhijiang (Hunan, N27°20′36″, E109°8′46″). These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (6–20 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (H _O ranged from 0.326 to 0.894, and H _E ranged from 0.542 to 0.918). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. These microsatellite markers will be useful for the study of gene flow, population structure and evolutionary history of E. carinata.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis (Colubridae)

The Chinese water snake Enhydris chinensis is an ovoviviparous colubrid snake distributed in China and Vietnam. It is commonly used in the production of Chinese snake oil, which is known for treating ailments such as fever, joint pain, and headache. It is listed as a vulnerable species according to the China red data book of endangered animals. Specific molecular markers such as mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci are helpful for us to get a better understanding of population structure and evolutionary history of the snake and take effective conservation action for this species. Here, we characterize eight polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from E. chinensis genomic libraries. Forty-seven individuals were collected from Ji’an population in Jiangxi, China. These markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity (3–10 alleles per locus) and heterozygosity (H _O ranged from 0.532 to 0.957, and H _E ranged from 0.565 to 0.806). No locus exhibited significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium among pairs of loci. The results of this paper will be useful for future study of population structure and genetic diversity of E. chinensis.     

The exponential function transforms the Abbreviated Injury Scale,which both improves accuracy and simplifies scoring

Purpose

We present here the exponential function which transforms the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). It is called the Exponential Injury Severity Score (EISS), and significantly outperforms the venerable but dated New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS) as a predictor of mortality.

Methods

The EISS is defined as a change of AIS values by raising each AIS severity score (1–6) by 3 taking a power of AIS minus 2 and then summing the three most severe injuries (i.e., highest AIS), regardless of body regions. EISS values were calculated for every patient in two large independent data sets: 3,911 and 4,129 patients treated during a 6-year period at the Class A tertiary hospitals in China. The power of the EISS to predict mortality was then compared with previously calculated NISS values for the same patients in each of the two data sets.

Results

We found that the EISS is more predictive of survival [Zhejiang: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): NISS = 0.932, EISS = 0.949, P = 0.0115; Liaoning: AUC: NISS = 0.924, EISS = 0.942, P = 0.0139]. Moreover, the EISS provides a better fit throughout its entire range of prediction (Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic for Zhejiang: NISS = 21.86, P = 0.0027, EISS = 13.52, P = 0.0604; Liaoning: NISS = 23.27, P = 0.0015, EISS = 15.55, P = 0.0164).

Conclusions

The EISS may be used as the standard summary measure of human trauma.     

新型鹞式腰带对慢性腰肌劳损的临床疗效观察

目的观察鹞式新型腰带对慢性腰肌劳损的临床疗效。方法入选患者60人,随机分成2组,每组30人,实验组应用鹞式新型腰带治疗,对照组应用传统的长方形腰带治疗,治疗3个月及1年后观察比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗3个月后,两组有效率均为96.67%;治疗组1年后治疗有效率为96.67%,显著高于对照组的46.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鹞式新型腰带对慢性腰肌劳损有良好的治疗作用,值得临床推广应用。     

加强医学人文教育的思考与实践

医学的人文科学属性和社会发展要求亟待加强医学人文教育。我校依托"人文学堂,艺术校园"优势,依据我国《本科医学教育标准—临床医学专业》,确立了人文素养高与专业知识扎实、专业技能强并重的人才培养目标,第一课堂和第二课堂有机结合,人文教育贯穿于医学教育的全过程,实践教育已初见成效。     

Daphnetin ameliorates 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis through Nrf-2-Keap1 and NF-κB pathways

Cancer is a faction of disorders that conjugated primarily with oxidative imbalance. In mammary carcinoma, oxidative stress secondarily changes various gene expressions and signalling pathways that bring genomic instability and mutagenic alterations that fascinating carcinogenesis. Several coumarin compounds are active against various malignancies. Among them, daphnetin (DAP) exhibits valuable safety and bioactivity profile that contributes towards its efficacy against cancer. In this study, the antioxidative and chemotherapeutic potential of DAP against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- induced mammary carcinogenesis was evaluated in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Besides this, we have determined the effect of DAP on Keap1-Nrf-2, associated HO-1 and NF-κB expressions behind the antioxidative and anti-proliferating activity. In our findings, a protective effect of DAP was established against lipid peroxidation, enzymic (Total SOD, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, CAT, GPx) and non-enzymic (GSH) antioxidative markers in serum, liver, kidney and breast tissue of both control and experimental groups. An up-regulation of protective Nrf-2 & HO-1 with a synchronized suppression in Keap1 & NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions were observed. DAP revealed the inhibition of p-AKT which accountable for decrease in NF-κB expressions but shown to be ineffective on p-ERK1/2. This study revealed that DAP inhibits mammary carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms. Dual efficacy of DAP on Nrf-2-Keap1 pathway and NF-κB expressions propose it as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in mammary cancer management.